Unit 5. The primary sector. Agrarian spaces.

UNIT PRESENTATION

Title

The primary sector. Agrarian spaces

Unit description

This unit first deals with general aspects that broaden the information of previous years: the conditioning factors of agrarian activities, both physical - climate, relief, soil and vegetation - and human ones - population, technology, agrarian economic, social and political organisation. The elements that make up agrarian landscapes, such as the inhabited space and the farmland, are also the focus of study. Next, each of the agrarian activities is studied: agriculture and the different traditional and advanced cultivation methods and agrarian systems; livestock farming and the types of livestock farming systems; and silviculture. The fishing section studies fishing systems and the future of fisheries. The techniques section of the unit on handling statistical tables and geographic graphs enables qualitative information to be complemented with quantitative information.

The various activities presented throughout the unit are designed to help students acquire knowledge on the following:

-  Agrarian spaces.

-  Agrarian activity. Physical and human factors.

-  The agrarian landscape and its elements.

-  Agriculture. Diversity and types.

-  Agriculture: Traditional agrarian systems.

-  Agriculture: Advanced agrarian systems.

-  Livestock farming. Types and models.

-  Silviculture

-  Fishing. Use of the sea.

-  Working with statistical data: tables and graphs.

-  Developing core competences.

  2. TEACHING OBJECTIVES

  1.  To identify the primary sector, its activities and spaces.

  2.  To understand the main physical and human factors that condition agrarian activity.

  3.  To analytically observe the elements of agrarian landscapes.

  4.  To form conceptual networks on the variety of cultivation methods and types of agriculture.

  5.  To classify traditional agrarian systems, and differentiate between models.

  6.  To be aware of the variety of advanced agrarian landscapes, and identify representative models.

  7.  To show to the importance of livestock farming and its types and models.

  8.  To classify forest spaces, their functions and problems.

  9.  To analyse fishing and the use of the sea.

10.  To learn how to work with statistical data using geographical content.

11.  To promote the development of the core competences.

 Activities:

1. Define primary sector. Make a simple mind-map about the activities it includes.

2. Which is the percentage of population dedicated to agrarian activities in the world? 

Is it the same for underdeveloped and developed areas? Explain it.

3. Read points 2 and 3 in your textbook. 

3.1. Which is the objective of people dedicated to agrarian activities?

3.2 Detect which are the most favourable physical factors for the agrarian activities and make a table. You should include: climate, relief, soil, demographic pressure, technology and organisation.

4. Define agrarian landscape and state which are its components.

4.1. look at pictures in page 110 and explain how you would differenciate dispersed, concentrated and interspersed settlements.

Concentrated settlement

Dispersed settlement

Interspersed settlement

 4.2 Classify these agrarian landscapes after reading points 4.3 and 5 in your textbook: 

 5. Types of agriculture
Read 5.2 in your textbook. Match each one with the key concepts:
Agriculture types: traditional /modern /industrial /organic
Key concepts: commercial agriculture /subsistence /healthy products without chemicals/
chemical products and machinery

5.1 Agrarian systems
Answer these questions regarding the pictures below
- Which system is the most ancient? Which one is the most modern?
- Which system is the most productive? 
- Which system is able to produce 3 crops per year? Does that change the life of people?
- Which system needs a flood to produce the crop?
- Which of these is the most poluting?
- Which system needs a lot of labour?
- Why are greenhouses used?
- Why is there a "sea of plastic" in the coast of Almería?
- Which is the benefit of hydroponic cultivation?
- What is "organic cultivation"? Which are its benefits?

"Sea of plastic", Almería

Hydroponic cultivation

Industrial agriculture

Greenhouse, Almería.

Irrigated monsoon agriculture

Irrigated monsoon agriculture

Plantation

Sedentary dryland agriculture

Slash and burn

Slash and burn

6.  Livestock farming
 Answer the questions related to the pictures below
- Which of these types of livestock farming have veterinary care?
- Which is the most ancient? And the most recent?
- Which one requires a very important investment? 
- Which systems feed their livestock with artificial feeds?
- Why do some peoples migrate with their herds?
- Do Spanish shepherds migrate with their herds?
- Which of these systems are meant to be sold in the market?
- Which are the benefits of organic livestock farming?

Chicken with access to open air (poultry)

Extensive livestock farming

Intensive livestock farming

Nomadic livestock farming, Mongolia

Shepherd, Spain

Intensive livestock farming

7. Silviculture
Read 9.2 in your textbook
7.1 Which is the main use of a forest? Which are its secondary uses?
7.2 Make a mind-map with the environmental roles of forests. 
Read 9.3 in your textbook
7.3 Which measures could help us ensure sustainability of forestry? 



8. Fishing
Read point 10 of your book and answer to the questions.
- Which of these types of fishing implies the most technology?
- Is fishing in danger?
- Which are the problems for fisheries?
- What solutions can be taken?

Shallow water fishing

Deep water fishing

Aquaculture

Aquaculture

Cepesca, 2019 report

9. EU agricultural policy.
The countries that belong to the European Union have adopted a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) ( In Spanish: PAC, Política Agraria Común).
It has three main objectives:
- to guarantee the suply of safe and quality food.
- to contribute to sustainable growth (right balance between competitiveness and envirtonmental care)
- to protect agrarian employment

To meet its objectives some decisions are taken for the whole of the EU in regard with the agrarian production.

It was one of the first decisions taken when the first common market was established in Europe after WWII.

10. EU fishing policy.
There is also a common policy in regard with fishing for the members of the EU. It is called CFP, Common Fisheries Policy. 


Project: draw 2 logos to represent 9.2 and 9.3
"Environmental roles of forests" "Help us ensure sustainability of forests"
They should be original, on a single A4 sheet of paper or cardboad.
Due date still to be determined.

Unit 6. The secondary sector. Industrial spaces + political maps Europe and Asia

Title

The secondary sector. Industrial spaces

Unit description

This unit begins by presenting the activities that make up the secondary sector: raw materials, energy sources and industry. Raw materials are classified as plant-sourced, animal-sourced and geological; and their current production, trade and problems are studied, focusing in detail on these aspects regarding critical minerals. Energy sources are grouped into traditional and alternative, dealing with the origin of the different types, their applications, location and problems. Additionally, the world's energy problems and current policies are explained in order to overcome and address them, detailing the pros and cons of fracking. Industry deals with the development and landscapes created by artisanal production, modern industry and contemporary industry. Finally the subject of industry and globalisation is addressed, especially questions related to the factors that influence current industrial location and the world’s industrial area, differentiating between historical industrial regions, emerging countries and less industrialised areas. The ‘Technique’ section of the unit on working with landscape pictures is helpful for the study of mining, energy and industrial landscapes in this unit.

The various activities presented throughout the unit are designed to help students acquire knowledge on the following:

-  The secondary sector. Industry. Mining, energy and construction.

-  Core elements of industrial activity. Raw materials. Contemporary problems with regard to raw materials.

-  Core elements of industrial activity. Traditional energy sources and alternative energy sources.

-  The world’s energy. Energy problems and policies.

-  Industrial development and its landscapes.

-  Types of contemporary industry.

-  Contemporary factors of industrial location.

-  Industry and globalisation. Location and industrial areas.

-  Working with landscape pictures.

-  Develop the core competences.

  2. TEACHING OBJECTIVES

  1.  To distinguish the secondary sector and its activities.

  2.  To identify the bases of industrial activity.

  3.  To assess energy problems and policies.

  4.  To show the importance of new uses of minerals and energy like fracking and rare minerals.

  5.  To differentiate the evolution of industry and its landscapes.

  6.  To analytically observe the types of industries and their location factors.

  7.  To know the world’s industrial areas.

  8.  To learn to work with landscape pictures.

  9.  To promote the development of the core competences.

 

  3. UNIT CONTENT / ASSESSMENT CRITERIA / ASSESSABLE LEARNING STANDARDS / CORE COMPETENCES

Core competences (CC): competence in linguistic communication (CCL), competence in mathematics, science and technology (CMCT), digital competence (CD), learning to learn (CAA), social and civic competence (CSYC), sense of initiative and entrepreneurship (SIEP), cultural awareness and expression (CEC).

Content	Assessment criteria	Learning standards	CC
-  The secondary sector. -  Industry -  Mining, energy and construction.	1.  Know the concept and activities of the secondary sector.	1.1.  Defines the secondary sector.	CCL CMCT CSYC
		1.2.  Identifies the activities of the secondary sector.
-  Core elements of industrial activity. -  Raw materials and their types. -  Contemporary problems with regard to raw materials. -  Traditional energy sources. -  Alternative energy sources.	2.1.  Know the concept of raw material and differentiate its main types.	2.1.  Identifies raw materials.	CCL CMCT CAA
	2.2.  Identify the advantages, disadvantages and main uses of traditional energy sources.	2.2.  Identifies and distinguishes energy sources.
	2.3.  Identify the advantages, disadvantages and main uses of alternative energy sources.	2.3.  Recognises the advantages and disadvantages of an energy source.
-  The world’s energy. Energy saving -  Energy problems. -  Energy policies.	3.  Reflect on energy problems and policies.	3.1.  Gives a reasoned opinion about energy sources.	CCL CMCT CAA CSYC SIEP
-  Industrial development and its landscapes.	4.1  Identify artisanal and modern industries and their landscapes.	4.1.  Identifies the historical phases of industry and its landscapes.	CMCT CAA
	4.2.  Identify contemporary industry and its landscapes.	4.2.  Identifies contemporary industry and its landscapes.
-  Industry and globalisation (I). -  Types of contemporary industry. -  Contemporary factors of industrial location.	5.  Identify the different types of industry and industrial spaces, and explain contemporary factors of industrial location.	5.1.  Identifies industrial sectors.	CMCT CAA CSYC
		5.2.  Describes factors of industrial location.
-  Industry and globalisation. -  The world’s industrial areas.	6.  Link industry to globalisation and locate the main industrial areas.	6.1.  Identifies industrial globalisation and the main industrial areas.	CMCT CAA
-  Working with landscape pictures.	7.  Comment on pictures of geographical landscapes.	7.1.  Identifies and distinguishes industrial landscapes.	CMCT
-  Check your progress and skills.	8.  Develop the core competences.	8.1.  Applies the core competences.	CCL CMCT CAA CSYC SIEP

 

Concepts Unit 6

secondary sector - raw materials - energy sources - production factors - mining - energy production - construction industry - traditional energy sources - alternative energy sources - renewable energy sources - non renewable energy  sources - greenhouse effect gases - solar energy - wind energy - biomass energy - geothermal energy - wave or tidal energy - nuclear energy - crude oil - Industrial Revolution - the black country (paisajes negros) - industrial estates (parques industriales) - technology parks (parques tecnológicos) - industry location - offshoring (deslocalización) - reconversion - reindustralisation - heavy industry - equipment industry - consumer goods industry - semi-heavy industry - light industry

Activities:
1. Define (again) secondary sector
2. Make a very simple mind-map with the activities included in this sector.
3. Look at page 131 (Industrial Activity).
a) Which elements are necessary for the industry?
b) What types of products does industry produce?
4. Make a simple mind-map about Industrial raw-materials.
5. Which countries concentrate the production of raw materials?
6. Which countries concentrate the consumption of raw materials?
7. Are there any problems regarding raw materials?
8. 
a) List different uses you do of energy sources
b) Make a table in Word about energy sources.
This table should include the following:
Traditional or alternative / Origin / Used for/ Concentrated in these countries / advantages/ disadvantages/
It is very important that you understand each one of them.
You have to be ready to explain any of those energy sources in front of the class.

Nuclear energy

9. Industrial development and its landscapes I
Industrial development has undergone different phases through history:
The most important factors that determine de different phases are: technical advances and the use of new forms of energy.
Make a table in word after reading 6.1 and 6.2 in your book. Share it with me /print it.
It should include these columns: when / who makes the product / tools / energy sources / where was that work done / features of the product / sectors / market / location / problems
It should include these rows: Artisanal industry / Modern industry: First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial revolution

10. Industrial development and its landscapes II
a) Include rows in your table (act. 9) for 7.1 and 7.2
b) Look for images (4-5) in the Internet that best describe:
- artisanal workshop
- First Industrial Revolution
Share it with me /print it.

11. Industry and globalisation. Types of location and related factors.
Make a simple mind-map (powerpoint?) with the different types of contemporary industry 8.1. Include images for each one.

12. Contemporary factors of industrial location (8.2)
a) Where are he high-tech industries located ttoday?
Which are the requirements for that kind of industry?

b) Where are he low-technology industries located ttoday?
Which are the requirements for that kind of industry?

13. What is industrial offshoring?

14. Map on page 145 of your book:
a) Describe it
b) Which is the main idea this map shows? 
c) Can you summarise what roles play the developed/emerging and underdeveloped countries in the industrial activity? (maybe you want to read point 9 in your book and remember all we have learnt in previous units).

15. Commenting images related to the secondary sector